UMPSA STEM Lab Mentorship: Flying Forward =)

It’s a pleasure to have Quan as a mentor in UMPASA STEM Lab. Thank you for your active participation and wishing you all the best in your studies in Beijing Jiatong University.

Discussion Flying Professor BHE

BTE 3232 – Week 13 – Global Classroom Dr Agussalim: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur

Today, the BTE3232 Communication System Design Laboratory had the honor of hosting Dr. Eng. Agussalim, S.Pd., MT from Magister of Information Technology UPN “Veteran” Jawa Timur for a global classroom initiative. Dr. Agussalim’s lecture, titled “An Alternative Data Collection Method for IoT Devices in a Smart Environment Scenario using Delay-Tolerant Network,” provided valuable insights into innovative approaches to data collection in IoT environments.

An Alternative Data Collection Method for IoT Devices in a Smart Environment Scenario using Delay-Tolerant Network

In today’s world, where everything is connected through technology, we use many smart devices that gather data. But sometimes, these devices struggle to collect data in areas with poor or intermittent internet connections. To solve this problem, there is a new method called Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN). DTN allows devices to share data even when the internet connection isn’t always available.

Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) is a novel networking paradigm that allows for communication in environments where continuous end-to-end connectivity is not guaranteed. Unlike traditional networks that rely on stable connections, DTN employs store-and-forward mechanisms to opportunistically route data packets through intermittent links. This resilience to network disruptions makes DTN particularly well-suited for IoT applications in smart environment scenarios, where reliable data collection is paramount.

Discussion on the Questions Asked During the Session

During the session, Dr. Agussalim addressed a range of questions, shedding light on the intricacies of Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTN) and their applications in IoT environments. Here’s a summary of the key points discussed:

Differences between Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) and Traditional Networking Approaches – Dr. Agussalim explained that Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) differs from traditional networking approaches in its approach to handling intermittent connectivity. He highlighted two key protocols used in DTN: epidemic and spray and wait. In epidemic routing, nodes forward copies of messages to all neighboring nodes, ensuring redundancy and increasing the likelihood of message delivery. In contrast, spray and wait protocol involves spraying a fixed number of message copies into the network and waiting for encounters with other nodes. These approaches are tailored to address the challenges posed by unpredictable connectivity in IoT environments.
Key Challenges in Collecting Data from IoT Devices in Remote or Inaccessible Areas – During the session, Dr. Agussalim emphasized the significant challenges associated with collecting data from IoT devices in remote or inaccessible areas. These challenges include intermittent connectivity, limited network infrastructure, and harsh environmental conditions. Addressing these challenges is crucial for ensuring reliable data collection and maintaining connectivity in such environments.
Communication Protocols Used in the Surabaya Project – Dr. Agussalim discussed the communication protocols utilized in the Surabaya project, providing insights into the practical implementation of DTN in real-world scenarios. While specific protocols may vary depending on the project requirements, common examples include Bundle Protocol (BP) and Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT). These protocols are designed to facilitate communication between IoT devices and central servers, even in environments with intermittent connectivity.
How Delay-Tolerant Network Addresses Intermittent Connectivity in IoT Environments – Dr. Agussalim elaborated on how Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) addresses the issue of intermittent connectivity in IoT environments. Unlike traditional networks, which rely on continuous end-to-end connectivity, DTN leverages store-and-forward mechanisms to route messages opportunistically. This resilience to network disruptions allows DTN to maintain communication even in environments with unpredictable connectivity, such as remote or disaster-affected areas.
Factors to Consider When Designing a Data Collection System Using Delay-Tolerant Network – When designing a data collection system using Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN), several factors must be considered. Dr. Agussalim outlined key considerations, including network architecture, data aggregation techniques, and energy consumption. These factors play a crucial role in optimizing the performance and efficiency of the data collection system, ensuring reliable operation in diverse environments.
Concept of Data Aggregation in the Context of IoT Devices and Delay-Tolerant Network: Dr. Agussalim explained the concept of data aggregation in the context of IoT devices and Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN). Data aggregation involves combining multiple data packets into a single packet for transmission, reducing redundant transmissions and conserving network resources. This technique is particularly beneficial in IoT environments with limited bandwidth or intermittent connectivity, where efficient use of resources is essential.
Potential Security Concerns Associated with Data Collection in IoT Environments Using Delay-Tolerant Network – During the session, potential security concerns associated with data collection in IoT environments using Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) were addressed. Dr. Agussalim emphasized the need for robust encryption and authentication mechanisms to safeguard data privacy and integrity. Without proper security measures in place, IoT devices and the data they collect may be vulnerable to unauthorized access or tampering.
Impact of Delay-Tolerant Network on the Energy Consumption of IoT Devices – Dr. Agussalim discussed the impact of Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) on the energy consumption of IoT devices. By optimizing data transmission and reducing the need for continuous connectivity, DTN can prolong the battery life of IoT devices. This energy efficiency is crucial for IoT deployments in remote or off-grid locations, where power sources may be limited.
Real-World Applications of Delay-Tolerant Network in Smart Cities or Environmental Monitoring Systems – Real-world applications of Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) in smart cities or environmental monitoring systems were explored during the session. Dr. Agussalim showcased the versatility and potential of DTN for addressing connectivity challenges in diverse scenarios, such as disaster response, wildlife tracking, and remote environmental monitoring. These applications highlight the importance of innovative data collection methods in creating resilient and sustainable smart environments.

Reflection

As a participant in this global classroom initiative, I found Dr. Agussalim’s lecture to be interesting and relatable with the work we are currently developing involving IoT Applications on UMP STEM Cube. Delay-Tolerant Networks is indeed an alternative data collection methods for IoT devices, opening up new avenues for research and innovation. I look forward to future opportunities to engage with experts from other universities, as it offers a valuable platform for exchanging ideas and learning from diverse perspectives.

In particular, this session underscored the importance of understanding the network aspect of IoT, highlighting its critical role in shaping the future of smart environments.

Nurul Hazlina, June 3rd.

Tech Talk 2024/2 – Advance Wireless Communications

Today’s industrial talk session at UMP STEM Lab =), featuring an experienced speaker, Ts Fouzun Nassir, R&D Director of CREST (https://crest.my/). Mr Fouzun delved into the subject of advanced wireless communication. The two-hour discussion was filled with engaging insights and thought-provoking questions, addressing various aspects of the communication technology. Let’s explore some of the key topics discussed during the session:

The Decline of Ericsson and Nokia in Today’s Phone Market –
Ericsson and Nokia, once giants in the early days of wireless communication, have seen a decline in their relevance in today’s phone market. Factors contributing to this decline include increased competition from emerging players, failure to adapt quickly to changing market trends, and perhaps complacency in innovation. To regain relevance, Ericsson and Nokia could focus on diversifying their product offerings, investing more in research and development, forging strategic partnerships, and enhancing their brand image through marketing and customer engagement initiatives.
The Persistence of 2G Networks Despite 5G Advancements –
Despite the advancements in 5G technology, there is still a reliance on 2G networks in certain regions or applications. This reliance can be attributed to several factors such as cost-effectiveness, backward compatibility with older devices, and the availability of infrastructure in remote or rural areas. Additionally, 2G networks are often used for essential services like voice calls and messaging in regions where 5G infrastructure is not yet widespread.
The Role of AI/ML in Improving Wireless Communication Systems-
AI and ML technologies play a crucial role in optimizing network performance and spectrum utilization in wireless communication systems. By analyzing vast amounts of data, AI algorithms can dynamically adjust network parameters, predict user behavior, and optimize resource allocation. This leads to improved network efficiency, reduced latency, and enhanced user experience.
Addressing Security and Privacy Concerns in Communication and IoT Projects –
With the proliferation of communication and IoT projects, security and privacy have become major concerns. Advanced systems employ robust encryption techniques, authentication mechanisms, and intrusion detection systems to safeguard user data against evolving cybersecurity threats. Additionally, privacy-enhancing technologies such as differential privacy and homomorphic encryption are being explored to protect sensitive information.
Future Applications of NFC Technology in Malaysia –
Beyond payments, NFC technology holds potential for various applications in Malaysia, including transportation ticketing, access control, healthcare data management, and retail loyalty programs. Initiatives are underway to explore these applications further and harness the full potential of NFC technology in enhancing convenience and efficiency across various sectors.
Environmental Sustainability in the Communications Hardware Industry –
As we strive for environmental sustainability and compliance with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the communications hardware industry is adopting various methods to reduce electronic waste. This includes recycling programs, eco-friendly manufacturing processes, and designing products with longevity and recyclability in mind. Additionally, initiatives are being undertaken to promote the circular economy and minimize the environmental impact of communication technology.
The Potential Concerns Surrounding the Development of 6G –
There is a concern that the development of 6G may be more closed-source than 5G, potentially hindering innovation and progress. Unlike the collaborative and open approach seen in the development of 5G standards, the race to develop 6G technologies may lead to proprietary solutions and fragmented ecosystems. This could limit interoperability, stifle competition, and impede the widespread adoption of 6G technology.

The talk by En Fouzun Nassir provided valuable insights into the complexities and future prospects of wireless communication. Especially for BTE 3232 students, Communication System Design Laboratory.

Today’s tech talk by En Fouzun Nassir marks an exciting initiative in UMP STEM Lab Tech Talk 2024/2 series, aimed at bridging the gap between industry expertise and student learning. With a focus on the subject of BTE 3232 Communication System Design Lab, esteemed experts from various fields come together to share their wealth of experience and insights with students. These talks serve as invaluable opportunities for students to gain firsthand knowledge, engage with industry professionals, and enrich their understanding of real-world applications in communication system design.

To all BTE 3232 students, thank you very much for your active participations throughout the talk =).

Nurul Hazlina Noordin

April 29th, 2024

BTE3232 – Communication System Design Laboratory Assignment

1. Project Assignment Overview

The project assignment for BTE 3232 Communication System Design Laboratory is designed to provide students with practical experience and insight into various aspects of communication systems. The assignment comprises three segments:

Write a review on current trends in wireless communication systems.
Report on a visitation to KLCC Petronas Twin Tower communication room.
Design communication circuit construction and simulation.

Each segment carries equal weightage and contributes 40% towards the overall assessment.

2. Segment 1: Review on Current Trends in Wireless Communication Systems

Instructions

Conduct research on current trends, advancements, and emerging technologies in wireless communication systems.
Ask good quality questions.
Write a comprehensive review highlighting key developments, challenges, and future prospects in the field.
Ensure the review is well-structured, with clear sections covering topics such as 5G technology, IoT applications, spectrum management, and beyond.

3. Segment 2 – Report on Visitation to KLCC Petronas Twin Tower Communication Room

Instructions

Arrange a visitation to the communication room at KLCC Petronas Twin Towers.
Ask good quality questions.
Document observations, insights, and experiences during the visit.
Compile a detailed report outlining the infrastructure, equipment, and operations of the communication room.
Include photographs, diagrams, and any relevant documentation to enhance the report’s clarity and understanding.

4. Segment 3 Design Communication Circuit Construction and Simulation

Instructions

Select a communication circuit project relevant to the course curriculum.
Design the circuit layout, considering factors such as component selection, wiring, and circuit configuration.
Construct the circuit according to the design specifications, ensuring accuracy and precision.
Simulate the circuit using appropriate software tools to validate functionality and performance.

5. Submission Guidelines:

Each segment must be submitted individually within the specified deadline.
Submit reports in a digital format, adhering to the prescribed format and guidelines.
Late submissions will incur penalties as per the course policy.

Rubric

BTE3232 – Com System Design Lab – Test 1

BTE3232 – Com System Design – FM Modulators and Demodulators

In conclusion, our lab experiments in FM modulation and demodulation provide invaluable insights into the design and operation of communication systems. By understanding the principles behind FM modulation and demodulation, as well as engaging in hands-on projects, we can further enrich our knowledge and appreciation for the fascinating world of wireless communication.

Keep exploring, keep learning, and let your curiosity guide you on this exciting journey of discovery!

BTE3232 – CSD Lab – SSB Modulation / Demodulation

Single Sideband and Double Sideband Technique: Yet another Analog Carrier Modulation

As we look into the details of communication system design, understanding the fundamental of modulation techniques is crucial. In today’s laboratory session, we explored the Single Sideband (SSB) and Double Sideband (DSB) modulation and demodulation.

Before going into the practical aspects of our lab assignment, let’s take a recap the significance of passband in the context of these modulation techniques.

Modulation Techniques

While digital modulation techniques dominate contemporary communication systems, our focus in BTE3233 remains on analog carrier modulation techniques. These techniques, steeped in tradition, offer invaluable insights into the evolution of modern modulation methods.

SSB and DSB Modulation
SSB and DSB modulation techniques offer unique advantages over traditional Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM) methods. Despite the widespread adoption of AM and FM in various communication applications, SSB and DSB modulation techniques continue to hold relevance due to their efficient utilization of passband.

In the frequency spectrum, Single Sideband (SSB) modulation exhibits a distinctive characteristic compared to traditional Amplitude Modulation (AM). Unlike AM, which transmits both sidebands along with the carrier signal, SSB modulation only transmits either the upper sideband (USB) or the lower sideband (LSB) along with the carrier. As a result, SSB modulation effectively utilizes half of the bandwidth required by AM, leading to enhanced spectral efficiency.

In the frequency domain, SSB modulation produces a spectrum with a single sideband extending from either side of the carrier frequency, with the other sideband and the carrier suppressed. This concentrated spectral distribution enables SSB signals to occupy a narrower bandwidth, making them ideal for conserving precious frequency resources while maintaining signal integrity. During demodulation, the suppressed sideband is effectively reconstructed, ensuring faithful reproduction of the original message signal. Thus, in the frequency spectrum, SSB modulation and demodulation techniques showcase a streamlined and efficient utilization of frequency resources, paving the way for optimized communication system design.

Advantages of SSB and DSB Modulation

Enhanced Bandwidth Utilization: SSB and DSB modulation techniques optimize spectral efficiency by transmitting either one sideband (SSB) or both sidebands (DSB) along with the carrier. This efficient use of bandwidth ensures optimal utilization of the passband, making these techniques ideal for bandwidth-limited communication channels.
Power Efficiency: By eliminating redundant components such as the carrier and one sideband (in the case of SSB), these modulation techniques enhance power efficiency during transmission. This translates to improved signal-to-noise ratio and reduced power consumption, contributing to overall system performance.
Reduced Interference: SSB and DSB modulation techniques minimize interference with adjacent channels by transmitting only essential spectral components within the passband. This reduction in interference enhances signal clarity and reception quality, particularly in environments with high spectral congestion.

As we went through our lab assignment today focusing on SSB modulation and demodulation, it’s essential to recognize the pivotal role of passband in shaping the efficiency and effectiveness of these modulation techniques. Note that the advantages of SSB and DSB modulation, enable the possibility to design robust and efficient communication systems that thrive within the constraints of the passband.

Stay tuned for our upcoming lab session (FM Mod & Demodulation), where we’ll translate theory into practice and delve deeper into the practical implementation of Frequency Modulation and its demodulation techniques.

Get ready to explore the fascinating world of frequency-based communication, where signals dance across the spectrum with precision and clarity. Don’t miss out on this exciting opportunity to expand your skills and understanding in communication engineering. See you in the lab!

BTE3232 – Communications Systems Design Lab – Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation

Today is Lab 3 and Lab 4 – which focuses on AM modulation and AM demodulation. Understanding these important concepts in radio technology is paramount for success in our Communication System Design Laboratory class, as they form the foundation for efficient signal transmission and reception.

Why Modulate Signals?

To comprehend the significance of modulation, let’s first consider the limitations of transmitting a signal in its raw form. A simple, unmodulated signal lacks the resilience needed to combat issues like interference, noise, and attenuation over long distances. This is where modulation steps in as our technological superhero.

Amplitude Modulation involves varying the amplitude of a carrier signal in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the input signal. In simpler terms, it’s like riding the waves of your favorite radio station. The carrier wave carries the information from the input signal, effectively extending the reach and quality of the transmitted signal.

Why AM?

Now, you might wonder, “Why AM and not something else?” AM modulation has its unique advantages, such as simplicity, ease of implementation, and compatibility with various transmission mediums. However, it comes with challenges like susceptibility to noise and limited bandwidth efficiency, paving the way for modern modulation schemes.

In the ever-evolving landscape of communication systems, engineers sought to address the limitations of AM modulation. This led to the development of more sophisticated schemes like FM (Frequency Modulation) and PM (Phase Modulation). These modern modulation techniques offer improved noise resilience, better bandwidth utilization, and enhanced signal quality.

Demodulation: Unveiling the Message:

Now, let’s transition to the counterpart of our tale – demodulation. Demodulation is the process of retrieving the original signal from the modulated carrier wave. It’s like extracting the hidden treasure from the waves you’ve been riding. In our laboratory, we’ll explore demodulation techniques to decode the transmitted information accurately.

As we journey through the world of AM modulation and demodulation in our Communication System Design Laboratory, remember that these concepts are the cornerstone of effective signal transmission. Understanding the ‘why’ behind modulation and the advancements leading to modern schemes equips us to tackle real-world challenges in the dynamic field of electrical engineering.

So, gear up, future engineers! Let’s ride the waves of knowledge and explore the intricate dance between amplitude, frequency, and phase in the vast ocean of communication systems.

BTE3232 – Com System Design – Oscillators

Hellloo BTE3232 Students,

Welcome back to UMPSA. Than you for registering into this course BTE 3232 Communication System Design Laboratory.

I hope this message finds you well and thriving in your exploration of the fascinating world of communication system design. Today, we’ll kick off with Lab No. 1, where we embark on a journey to understand the details of the Colpitt and Hartley Oscillators – crucial components in the superheterodyne radio receivers.

Colpitt Oscillator: A Stable Foundation for RF Systems

As we venture into the heart of this laboratory exercise, let’s first look the concept of the Colpitt Oscillator. Named after its inventor Edwin Colpitts, this oscillator plays a pivotal role in generating the desired frequency for radio frequency applications, making it an indispensable element in communication systems.

As you may have seen the lab instructions, the Colpitts Oscillator takes center stage due to its ability to provide a stable and tunable output frequency – an essential characteristic for effective communication. Its configuration, comprising a transistor, capacitors, and inductors, allows it to produce a continuous oscillation that we can harness for various communication purposes.

Hartley Oscillator: A Harmonious Alternative

Now, let’s introduce the Hartley Oscillator, an alternative configuration, named after its inventor Ralph Hartley, this oscillator also contributes significantly to communication system design.

The Hartley Oscillator, like the Colpitts, is commonly employed for its stability and frequency-tuning capabilities. However, its distinctive feature lies in the use of a tapped inductor, creating a center tap that allows for enhanced coupling between the inductor and the capacitor, promoting a more efficient oscillation.

Comparing Colpitts and Hartley Oscillators:

To better understand the nuances of these two oscillators, let’s delve into a table comparison:

Feature	Colpitts Oscillator	Hartley Oscillator
Configuration	Single inductor, single capacitor	Tapped inductor, single capacitor
Tuning Range	Narrow	Wide
Frequency Stability	Good	Excellent
Amplitude Stability	Moderate	Good
Common Applications	RF applications, low-frequency VCO	RF applications, audio oscillators

Understanding the Significance of Capacitance and Inductance:

In the context of both the Colpitts and Hartley Oscillators, capacitance and inductance values are crucial parameters that significantly influence the frequency of oscillation, stability, and overall performance. As you engage in Lab 1, experiment with different values for capacitors and inductors in both oscillator configurations to observe their effects on frequency, stability, and amplitude.

This hands-on experience will not only reinforce theoretical concepts but also sharpen your skills in communication system design. Remember, a deep understanding of the Colpitts and Hartley Oscillators empowers you to engineer communication systems with precision and finesse.

Please submit your lab report by Friday March 8th, 2024 – hardcopy. And upload on Kalam.

Nurul – March 3rd, 2024